欧州経団連は実習制を推進する

欧州経団連（ビジネス・ヨーロッパ）が３月６日付で、「CREATING OPPORTUNITIES FOR YOUTH HOW TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY AND IMAGE OF APPRENTICESHIPS」(若者のための機会を創出する　実習生の質とイメージをいかに改善するか)を公表ししました。

http://62.102.106.140/docs/1/NLAOBHOBNBBKJMCFOOPHDMOIPDWY9DB6AD9LTE4Q/UNICE/docs/DLS/2012-00330-E.pdf

「APPRENTICESHIPS」は、徒弟制とも見習制とも実習制とも訳されますが、私たちの訳書（ＯＥＣＤ『世界の若者と雇用』）では「実習制」と訳したので、ここでもその言葉を使います。

このパンフで、欧州経団連は若者の学校から仕事への移行に実習制を活用すべきと力説し、そのために使用者が大いに協力すべきだとしています。

ここで欧州経団連が示している１２の勧告は、日本にも示唆するところは大きいと思われます。

OUR 12 MAIN RECOMMENDATIONS

TO THE EUROPEAN UNION

1 Allocate a share of the European Social Fund and of the Erasmus for All programme to provide seed funding for Member States that wish to establish or reform their dual learning systems;

2 Ensure funding for cross-border training activities of employers’ organisations to become involved in the establishment of a dual system;

3 Support European and national campaigns for changing the perception of vocational education, including in the context of the Copenhagen process;

4 Organise a regular forum for discussions on monitoring of the European apprenticeship strategy with the relevant European and national stakeholders in this area.

TO THE MEMBER STATES

5 Provide a well-functioning general school system - both primary and secondary - that prepares pupils properly so that they are able to enter an apprenticeship system;

6 Set up the framework conditions for dual learning apprenticeship systems in accordance with their respective industrial relations systems and through cooperation between labour market and educational institutions;

7 Integrate work-based learning in educational systems. A significant part of the education, to be defined at national level, is to be conducted in a company with clear curricula also for the training in companies.

TO EMPLOYERS' ORGANISATIONS

8 Take part in the governance of dual learning apprenticeship systems and contribute to the design of curricula and their adaptation over time. This is an important factor to ensure their responsiveness to labour market needs and to avoid unnecessary red tape for companies;

9 Inform and motivate companies to become involved in the dual system, give them advice and organise cooperation between companies.

TO COMPANIES

10 Ensure a high level of quality of training which provide good earning potential and career opportunities, notably by ensuring that company instructors/tutors are well equipped to transfer knowledge to apprentices;

11 Sign a contract with the apprentice that includes clear task description and working conditions for the apprentice;

12 Encourage employees to share their experience as former apprentices wherever and
whenever possible to promote the take-up of apprenticeships by the young generation.

いくつか選んで紹介しますと、

３．職業教育への意識を変えるキャンペーンを

５．生徒が実習制に入っていけるような初等・中等教育を

６，労使関係と産学協同でデュアル学習実習制の枠組みを

７．職場ベースの学習を教育制度に統合

８．使用者団体が実習制のカリキュラム作成などに参加

１０．高水準の訓練を提供

１１．明確な職務と労働条件の契約を結ぶ

１２．労働者が先輩実習生として経験を分かち合う

現実にはかなりの国で実習制が人気がなかったり低く見られたりという実態があるからこそこういうキャンペーンが必要になるのでしょうが、それにしても、使用者団体がここまで熱心に打ち出していることは、見習うべき面もあるのでしょう。