EUサービス提供の自由に係る団体行動権の行使に関する規則案

ラヴァル事件判決などの累次の欧州司法裁判決で問題となっていたＥＵの柱であるサービス提供の自由と労働者の団体行動権との衝突について、欧州委員会が去る３月２１日に、指令案と規則案を公表しました。

http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?langId=en&catId=89&newsId=1234&furtherNews=yes

To make the EU single market work better for workers and for business, the Commission has proposed new rules to increase the protection of workers temporarily posted abroad.

ＥＵの単一市場を労働者と企業の双方にとってよりよくするために、欧州委員会は一時的に海外に派遣される労働者の保護を増大させる新たなルールを提案した。

Worker protection and fair competition are the two sides of the EU single market's coin, yet findings suggest that minimum employment and working conditions are often not respected for the one million or so posted workers in the EU. To address the specific issues of abuse where workers do not enjoy their full rights in terms of for example, pay or holidays, especially in the construction sector, the Commission has put forward concrete, practical proposals as part of an enforcement Directive to increase monitoring and compliance and to improve the way existing rules on posted workers are applied in practice. This will ensure a level playing field between the businesses involved, excluding companies that don't follow the rules.

労働者保護と公正な競争はＥＵ単一市場のコインの裏表であるが、約１００万人の海外派遣労働者の最低雇用労働条件がしばしば尊重されていない。とりわけ建設業において労働者が賃金や休暇などで十全な権利を享受していないこの濫用問題に取り組むため、欧州委員会は既存のルールを実際に海外派遣労働者に適用させる具体的で実際的な提案をモニタリングとコンプライアンスを増大させる実施指令を提出した。これは関係する企業の間で公平な土俵を作り、ルールに従わない会社を排除するものである。

To send a strong message that workers' rights and their freedom to strike are on an equal footing with the freedom to provide services the Commission has also put forward a new regulation that takes on board existing case law. This is especially relevant in the context of cross-border services provision like the posting of workers. The overall aim of both proposals is to boost quality jobs and increase competitiveness in the EU by updating and improving the way the single market works, while safeguarding workers’ rights.

労働者の権利と彼らがストライキをする自由はサービスを提供する自由とイコールフッティングであるという強いメッセージを送るため、欧州委員会は既存の判例法理に基づいて新たな規則を提出した。これは特に海外派遣労働のような国境を超えたサービス提供において関わりがある。両提案の全体的な目的は、単一市場の機能を改善するとともに労働者の権利を守ることによって、ＥＵにおける質の高い雇用を増進するとともに競争力を高めることにある。

Following the adoption of the legislative package, President Barroso said ". I promised the European Parliament in 2009 that we would clarify the exercise of social rights for the posting of workers. The free provision of services within the internal market represents a major growth opportunity. But the rules need to apply equally to all. This is not always the case for workers posted in another Member  State. Today, the European Commission is taking concrete action to stamp out the unacceptable abuses. We want to ensure that posted workers are treated on an equal footing and enjoy their full social rights across Europe.

立法提案パッケージについて、バローゾ委員長は「私は２００９年に欧州議会で海外派遣労働者の社会的権利の行使を明確にすると約束した。単一市場におけるサービスの自由な提供は、大いなる成長の機会である。しかしながらルールは全ての人に平等に適用される必要がある。これは他の加盟国に派遣される労働者には必ずしも実現していない。本日、欧州委員会は許容しがたい濫用を払拭する具体的な行動をとった。我々は海外派遣労働者がイコールフッティングで取り扱われ、欧州中で十全な社会的権利を享受することを確保したい」

特に興味深い「サービス提供の自由に係る団体行動権の行使に関する規則案というのを見ておきましょう。実をいうと、ＥＵ法制において、ストライキ権が正面からこうして規定されたのは初めてです。

http://ec.europa.eu/social/BlobServlet?docId=7480&langId=en

第２条（一般原則）は、

The exercise of the freedom of establishment and the freedom to provide services enshrined in the Treaty shall respect the fundamental right to take collective action, including the right or freedom to strike, and conversely, the exercise of the fundamental right to take collective action, including the right or freedom to strike, shall respect these economic freedoms.

条約に規定する事業所設立の自由及びサービス提供の自由の行使は、ストライキの自由を含む団体行動をとる基本的権利を尊重するものとし、ストライキの自由を含む団体行動をとる基本的権利はこれら経済的自由を尊重するものとする。

どっちもお互いを尊重しなさいよ、と。

次の第３条（紛争解決メカニズム）がなかなか面白いのですが、ここでは原文だけコピペしておきます。結構まじめに検討する必要があるので。

Member States which, in accordance with their national law, tradition or practice, provide for alternative, non-judicial mechanisms to resolve labour disputes, shall provide for equal access to those alternative resolution mechanisms in situations where such disputes originate from the exercise of the right to take collective action, including the right or freedom to strike, in transnational situations or situations having a cross-border character in the context of the exercise of the freedom of establishment or the freedom to provide services, including the application of Directive 96/71/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 1996 concerning the posting of workers in the framework of the provision of services50.

2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, management and labour at European level may, acting within the scope of their rights, competences and roles established by the Treaty, conclude agreements at Union level or establish guidelines with respect to the modalities and procedures for mediation, conciliation or other mechanisms for the extrajudicial or out-of-court settlement of disputes resulting from the effective exercise of the right to collective action, including the right or freedom to strike, in transnational situations or situations with a cross-border character.

3. The modalities and procedures for out-of-court settlement may not deprive interested parties from recourse to judicial remedies for their disputes or conflicts if the mechanisms referred to in paragraph 1 fail to lead to a resolution after a reasonable period.

4. Recourse to alternative non-judicial dispute mechanisms shall be without prejudice to the role of national courts in labour disputes in the situations as referred to in paragraph 1, in particular to assess the facts and interpret the national legislation, and, as far as the scope of this Regulation is concerned, to determine whether and to what extent collective action, under the national legislation and collective agreement law applicable to that action, does not go beyond what is necessary to attain the objective(s) pursued, without prejudice to the role and competences of the Court of Justice.