「極めて非典型」な労働者

昨日、欧州議会の雇用社会問題委員会が開かれました。そこに提出された文書資料はここにアップされていますが、

http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/organes/empl/empl_20100316_1500.htm

その中に、大変興味深いタイトルの決議案とそのバックグラウンドとなる欧州生活労働条件改善財団（ＥＵにおけるＪＩＬＰＴみたいな研究機関)の報告書です。

これがグリュニー議員提出の決議案で、

http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/empl/pr/808/808006/808006en.pdf

これらがＥＵ財団の研究報告書と背景ペーパーです。

http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/empl/dv/studyflexibleformsatypicawork_/studyflexibleformsatypicawork_en.pdf

http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/empl/dv/studyveryatypicalwork_/studyveryatypicalwork_en.pdf

いずれも大変興味深い論点を提起しているのですが、ＥＵ財団の研究報告を一瞥してみると、こういうのが「極めて非典型」（very　atypical）とされています。

‘very short’ fixed-term work of less than six months (which may also include ‘very short’ temporary agency work);
‘very short’ part-time work of less than 10 hours a week;
non-contract work;
zero hours or on-call work.

６か月未満の超短期契約(超短期派遣を含む)、週１０時間未満の超短時間パート、契約のない労働、ゼロ労働またはオンコール労働などです。

>The hypothesis explored in this study is that ‘very atypical’ forms of work are not only particularly flexible but also, by their nature, extremely precarious.

これら「極めて非典型」な労働形態は極めて柔軟なだけでなく極めて不安定(プレカリアス)だと述べ、

>First of all, most of the very atypical workers live on a low, or even very low, income, as outcome of the amount of hours worked and the short job tenure. Secondly, these forms of work give no clarity regarding the future – especially in terms of job and employability. As outlined, the employability aspects have been discussed among economists, but positive developments still need to be soundly proven – for non-standard forms of work in general, not to mention ‘very atypical’ forms of work in particular. Moreover, beyond the employment contractual arrangement, a short job tenure and low income (corresponding to a few hours work) have an impact on unemployment subsidies, pensions and workers’ rights. In addition, precarious work can jeopardise people’s capacity to pay rent, ability to obtain bank credit, and opportunities
to build a family. At societal level, the impact of precarious employment on social cohesion and birth rates should not be underestimated.

低所得で将来が不安定で、出生率にも影響する云々と、日本の議論をなぞるような感じですね。