雇用外一般均等指令案

去る7月2日に欧州委員会が提案した雇用労働分野以外の一般均等指令案がアップされています。

http://ec.europa.eu/social/BlobServlet?docId=477&langId=en

Proposal for a COUNCIL DIRECTIVE on implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation

です。

本指令案の対象となる差別は、題名にあるように宗教・信条、障害、年齢、性的志向です。人種・民族差別については既に2000年の指令が雇用以外分野についてもカバーしていますし、性別については2004年の指令が対象領域は縮小されていますが一応カバーしています（まあ、性別については担当部局が違うからですが）。

具体的な差別領域は3条1項に規定されています。

Within the limits of the powers conferred upon the Community, the prohibition of discrimination shall apply to all persons, as regards both the public and private sectors, including public bodies, in relation to:
(a) Social protection, including social security and healthcare;
(b) Social advantages;
(c) Education;
(d) Access to and supply of goods and other services which are available to the public, including housing.

もっとも、問題の性質上、いくつも適用除外が置かれています。

2. This Directive is without prejudice to national laws on marital or family status and
reproductive rights.

これは性的志向差別の関係ですね。ゲイを差別してはいけないといっても、だからゲイ同士の結婚を認めろと云うわけではありませんよ、と。

3. This Directive is without prejudice to the responsibilities of Member States for the content of teaching, activities and the organisation of their educational systems, including the provision of special needs education. Member States may provide for differences in treatment in access to educational institutions based on religion or belief.

これは主として宗教教育関係ですね。この辺、とりわけカトリックの強いポーランドが強硬だったところです。

4. This Directive is without prejudice to national legislation ensuring the secular nature of the State, State institutions or bodies, or education, or concerning the status and activities of churches and other organisations based on religion or belief. It is equally without prejudice to national legislation promoting equality between men and women.

セキュラーは世俗的という意味、フランスは革命以来世俗国家が国家理念ですから、イスラム教徒が学校等でスカーフを巻くのもいけないのですが、それは宗教差別じゃないよ、と。いろいろあちこちに配慮しなければなりません。

そして、いうまでもなく、

5. This Directive does not cover differences of treatment based on nationality and is without prejudice to provisions and conditions relating to the entry into and residence of third-country nationals and stateless persons in the territory of Member States, and to any treatment which arises from the legal status of the third-country nationals and stateless persons concerned.

EU市民以外の第三国人や無国籍人に対して国籍に基づいてどういう扱いをしようが、知ったこっちゃない、と。

障害者については、雇用に関する一般均等指令にもある合理的な配慮の規定が第4条でより一般的な形で設けられています。

1. In order to guarantee compliance with the principle of equal treatment in relation to persons with disabilities:
a) The measures necessary to enable persons with disabilities to have effective nondiscriminatory access to social protection, social advantages, health care, education and access to and supply of goods and services which are available to the public, including housing and transport, shall be provided by anticipation, including through appropriate modifications or adjustments. Such measures should not impose a disproportionate burden, nor require fundamental alteration of the social protection, social advantages, health care, education, or goods and services in question or require the provision of alternatives thereto.
b) Notwithstanding the obligation to ensure effective non-discriminatory access and where needed in a particular case, reasonable accommodation shall be provided unless this would impose a disproportionate burden.
2. For the purposes of assessing whether measures necessary to comply with paragraph 1 would impose a disproportionate burden, account shall be taken, in particular, of the size and resources of the organisation, its nature, the estimated cost, the life cycle of the goods and services, and the possible benefits of increased access for persons with disabilities. The burden shall not be disproportionate when it is sufficiently remedied by measures existing within the framework of the equal treatment policy of the Member State concerned.
3. This Directive shall be without prejudice to the provisions of Community law or national rules covering the accessibility of particular goods or services.